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PP (polypropylene) is the second most frequently used material in Europe, accounting for 20% of consumption. Polypropylene resembles polyethylene in properties and application, hence both polymers are classified in the same group - polyolefins. However, unlike PE, PP boasts greater strength and consistency, and since its melting temperature is higher, it also shows good stability in this regard. The consistency of PP imparts good dimensional stability to products.
Polypropylene can be found almost anywhere: in packaging materials, household appliances, clothing, means of transport and many other products. More than half of the world’s production of PP is given over to packaging, while it is also used in technical items.
It is further used in the production of:
- Packaging – flexible foils, pots for dairy products and beverage machines, moulded trays, caps for packaging, bottle tops, bags, notebook covers.
- Textiles – fibres (thermal underwear, carpets), strings, cords, binding strips.
- Pipes – tubes of various diameters for water and other liquids.
- Automotive parts – bumpers, tanks, cable sheathing.
- Consumer goods – ball-point pens, measuring jugs, trays, small items including promotional items.
- PP is also used in the production of plastic currency.

HDPE, or high-density polyethylene, is normally a material of milky colour that differs from other polyethylene types by higher strength and ductility. Since the material is more consistent, the foils and packages produced from it are stronger. Therefore, an HDPE bag has a higher load capacity than a LDPE bag of identical thickness. This is beneficial in the production of very thin bags; the thickness of HDPE bags ranges from 7 micrometers.
In addition to flexible packages, HDPE is also a very suitable material for strong packaging. The best-known allocations are cosmetic bottles (detergents, shampoos) and canisters.
HDPE is used also in technical applications, e.g. as septic tanks, in the production of pipes, and in the sheathing of cables and harnesses. Septic tanks may have very complicated shapes and large capacities. The advantage of HDPE in these applications is its natural strength and consistency.

LDPE is a polyethylene with lower density. It is the most frequently used material in the production of foils, especially for packaging purposes. All simple types of disposable bags, rubbish bags and shopping bags are made from LDPE. The reason is the low price and simplicity of processing.
Foils are manufactured by extrusion, either as 2D foils or hoses (tubular extrusion). Such foils can be made in very thin form (bags for baked goods) or with thick walls (large bags). The thickness can be adapted to suit the given application, ranging from 30 (0.030 mm) to 200 micrometers.
Should the final item need be resistant to perforation, it is possible to laminate PE foils with another type of foil to improve its properties. For example, lamination with PET foil (polyethylene-terephthalate) results in bags for foodstuffs for pets, while a paperboard is applied to make fruit juice packs (of Tetrapack type).
The benefit of LDPE is that it can be imprinted very well. Shopping bags and large bags can be decorated with multi-coloured print. This material can also be welded to achieve various shapes of pouches and bags. Recycled PE may be re-used to produce pouches and bags, thereby helping protect the environment

RPP - polypropylene recyclate

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